Most raw files contain a full size JPEG conversion of the image, which is used to preview the file on the camera's LCD panel.Some raw files contain a standardized metadata section with data in Exif format. These include the exposure settings, camera/scanner/lens model, date (and, optionally, place) of shoot/scan, authoring information and other. Image metadata which can be useful for inclusion in any CMS environment or database.Camera sensor metadata which is required to interpret the sensor image data, including the size of the sensor, the attributes of the CFA and its color profile.A short file header which typically contains an indicator of the byte-ordering of the file, a file identifier and an offset into the main file data.The structure of raw files often follows a common pattern: Raw files contain the information required to produce a viewable image from the camera's sensor data.
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Most raw image file formats store information sensed according to the geometry of the sensor's individual photo-receptive elements (sometimes called pixels) rather than points in the expected final image: sensors with hexagonal element displacement, for example, record information for each of their hexagonally-displaced cells, which a decoding software will eventually transform into the rectangular geometry during "digital developing". Raw image formats are intended to capture the radiometric characteristics of the scene, that is, physical information about the light intensity and color of the scene, at the best of the camera sensor's performance.
The purpose of raw image formats is to save, with minimum loss of information, data obtained from the sensor. Unlike physical film after development, the Raw file preserves the information captured at the time of exposure. Like undeveloped photographic film, a raw digital image may have a wider dynamic range or color gamut than the developed film or print. (With exposed film, development is a single event that physically transforms the unexposed film irreversibly.) Rather, the Raw datasets are more like exposed but undeveloped film which can be converted (electronically developed) in a non-destructive manner multiple times in observable, reversible steps to reach a visually desired image. Raw image files are sometimes incorrectly described as "digital negatives", but neither are they negatives nor do the unprocessed files constitute visible images.
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